1. GPS
GPS Global Positioning System ڷν κ ű İ ϴ ð ̿Ͽ ﰢ ġ ϴ ý̴. 翡 32 Block II/IIA/IIR/IIR-M GPS ϴ.
GPS ̱漺 1973 ý 1990 ߹ݺ ۵Ǿ. GPS ð, ¿ ýν ó 뵵θ Ǿ 뼺 ӵ ΰ ȮǾ 翡 ̸ Ϲ ý ڸ ִ. Ư 2000 5 1 ϴ (SA-Selective Availability) ν 100 ̾ ġ 10 ũ پ ġȮ ν о߿ ̰ ִ.
Figure 1. Constellation of GPS satellite
GPS ý̹Ƿ ҷ ̷ ũ (Space Segment), (Control Segment), (User Segment) ִ. GPS ڿ ƴ κ ȣ ̿ϴ ܹ ̴. Ϲ GPS ּ 4 ̻ ȣ ű ؼ, ġ ϴ ý̴. GPS ȣ ϱ , ŵǴ ȣ پ Ұ Ѵ. ̷ Ҵ ð , , , ű еȴ.
GPS 10 ġȮ ý(Stand-alone GPS), 1~2 ġȮ ý(Differential GPS: DGPS) Ƽ ġȮ ݼ ý(Carrier phase Differential GPS: CDGPS) зȴ.
2. INS
INS(Inertial Navigation System) 1950 ʹݿ ̱ MIT ߵǾ, 1960 ǿȭDZ ý̴. ʱ ġ κ ӵ Ͽ ν ü ӵ ġ Ѵ. INS ̷ ӵ(Accelerometer) ̷ν(Gyroscope) ȴ. ӵ ӵ Ͽ ְ ̷ν ӵ Ͽ ִ Ѵ.
Figure 2. INS Block Diagram
INS ش п ̱ , ŵ ظ ְ ª ð ȿ Ȯ ظ Ѵ. ý̱ ܺ ȯ ҿ ʰ ϴ. ظ ϴ ӵ 50Hz 10kHz ſ Ƽ ⵿ ü ̿ ִ. ظ ϱ ӵ ġ ð Ͽ Ѵٴ ִ.
INS ũ Strapdown ý۰ Gimbaled ý зȴ. Gimbaled ý ӵ ӵ Ǿ ְ ǥ踦 ϵ ȴ. Gimbaled ý ǥȯ ʿ䰡 Ȯϴٴ ̰ ſ ǰ ִ.
Strapdown ý ְ Vehicle ¸ ϴµ ʿ ¼Ҹ ϴٴ ִ. ӵ ӵ ü ǥ迡 ̱ ǥ ǥȯ ʿϰ Ǿ 귮 ũ þٴ ִ. Strapdown ý ȵǰ ǿȭ ǻ óӵ Strapdown ý 귮 ó ִ ̴. 翡 Strapdown ýۿ ַ ̷ ǿ Strapdown ý ߿ ִ.
INS ý ġ ġ, ڼ ϱ INS ý ̶ ִ. Scale factor stability, Bias stability, ǥ Navigation Grade, Tactical Grade, Automotive Grade зȴ. ɿ Ȱо߸ Ÿ.
Figure 3. Current Gyro Technology Applications
Figure 4. Current Accelerometer Technology Applications
3. GPS/INS Integration
GPS ű 踦 ġ ְ ð ϰ ϱ ǿ Ϲ ý̴. Ư jamming ܺ ȯ濡 ΰϴٴ ְ ɰ ĸ GPS blockage Ͽ 4 ̸ Ǹ ġ ٴ ִ.
INS ̱ ܺ ʰ ̸ ֱ ġظ ִ. ġ ڼ ϱ ð Ǿ ᱹ ذ ϴ ִ.
GPS INS ϸ ݵ GPS INS ȣ ȿ Bound 鼭 ظ ִ ý ϴ.
|
GPS |
INS |
ġ |
(ﰢ) |
(ӵ, ӵ ) |
|
- 踦 Ŀ
-bound
- Ȯ
- |
-
- ֱ
- Ӽ |
|
-ġ 4 ̻ ʿ
-ܺ ȯ濡 ΰ
- ؿ |
- ʿ
-ð |
Table 1. GPS vs. INS
GPS INS GPS/INS սý ̴.
Figure 5. GPS vs. INS vs. GPS/INS
INS ʱ GPS ϴ ְ GPS Bound GPS Satellite Outage(blockage) 쿡 ġظ .
GPS INS 츦 캸, GPS INS ȣ Ǿ GPS BoundǾ GPS ظ ְ GPS blockage Ȳ ġظ ִ. GPS INS ϴ Ŀ ũ , , ʰ ִ.
Figure 6. GPS/INS ǿ UAV, Land Vehicle, Pedestrian о߿ GPS/INS Ÿ ̴.
|